Correlation between persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection and vaginal microecology and cervical lesions / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the correlation between persistent and non-persistent HPV infection and vaginal microecology and cervical lesions, and to provide the basis for HPV prevention and treatment. Methods In this prospective study, 229 female patients with high-risk type (HR-HPV) were selected for cervical cytology and vaginal microecological examination in the gynecological outpatient department of Baise Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to June 2021. The patients were followed up for 1 year to detect persistent HR-HPV infection. The relationship between HR-HPV persistent infection and vaginal microecology and cervical lesions was analyzed using the HPV-negative group as a control. Results Among 229 patients with HR-HPV, there were 109 patients with persistent HR-HPV infection and 120 patients with non-persistent HR-HPV infection in 1-year follow-up, and the incidence of persistent HR-HPV infection was 47.6%. In the HR-HPV persistent and non-persistent infection and HPV-negative groups, the bacterial vaginal incidence was 20.2%, 15.0% and 8.6%, respectively; vulvovaginal candidiasis was 19.3%, 13.3% and 7.9%, respectively; trichomoniasis vaginitis was 12.8%, 9.2% and 4.5%, respectively; mixed infection was 10.1%, 6.7% and 2.7%; H2O2 detection rate was 24.8%, 18.3% and 12.0%,the positive rate of pH value was 52.3%, 40.8% and 36.4%, and microecological normal detection rate was 22.9%, 32.7% and 40.2%, respectively. There were significant differences among the three groups (χ2=10.634, 10.522, 9.010, 9.374, 10.054, 8.268, P<0.01). In the HR-HPV persistent and non-persistent infection groups, the rates of atypical squamous cell detection were 12.8% and 10.0%, and 8.3% and 4.2% for low-grade squamous cell lesions, and 4.6% and 1.7% for high-grade squamous cell carcinoma, 2.8% and 0 for squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. There was no significant difference in the composition of atypical squamous cells between the two groups (χ2=4.358, P>0.05), there were significant differences in the composition of low-grade, high-grade and squamous cell carcinoma (χ2=11.472, 12.685, 11.378, P<0.01). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the presence or extent of HPV infection was positively correlated with bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomonal vaginitis and mixed infection (P<0.05), positively correlated with H2O2, sialdase, leucocyte esterase,pH positive and positive for all four items (P<0.05), negatively correlated with microecology (P<0.01), positively correlated with low grade, high grade and squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.01), and not significantly correlated with atypical squamous cell carcinoma (P>0.05). Conclusion Persistent cervical HPV infection is an important factor of dysregulation in vaginal microecology and aggravates the degree of dysregulation in vaginal microecology, which is related to the development of cervical lesions.

Effects of music training on response inhibition among children with developmental dyslexia / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the influence of music training on the response inhibition ability of children with developmental dysplasia, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the response inhibition ability of children with developmental dyslexia.@*Methods@#From September to October 2020, students from grades 3-6 in a primary school in Shenyang, Liaoning Province were selected. A total of 27 children with dyslexia were selected through literacy test and intelligence test, and 23 children with matched reading level were selected. The Go/No-go experimental paradigm was used to investigate the changes of response inhibition in children with developmental dyslexia before and after ALF music training, induding solfeggio, physical rhythm, music scene performance and chorus.@*Results@#The results before and after music training showed that the main effect in the test stage was significant among two groups[ F(1,48)=6.13, P<0.05, η-p 2=0.11], and The accuracy of post-test [(91.80±0.80)%] was significantly higher than that of pre-test [(89.10±0.90)%]; the accuracy of the children with developmental dyslexia in response to the symbolic stimulus No-go was significantly higher in the post-test [(81.81±10.97)%] than in the pre-test [(73.78±15.26)%]( t =-2.33, P = 0.03 ); the accuracy of reading matched children s response to Chinese characters stimulation No-go was significantly better in the post-test [(85.59±12.11)%] than in the pre-test [(78.33±12.98)%]( t = -2.20, P <0.05). In terms of response time, the post-test scores of developmental dyslexia children [(444.06±77.49)ms] were significantly better than those of pre-test children [(519.01±70.75)ms], and there was no significant difference between symbol stimulus and Chinese stimulus in developmental dyslexia children ( P>0.05). @*Conclusion@#Response inhibition is deficient in children with developmental dyslexia. Compared with symbols, the response inhibition ability of Chinese characters is impaired; Music training significantly improved the inhibitory ability of signs in children with developmental dyslexia.

CBCT study on the safe location of palatal microscrew implant anchorage nail between maxillary first and second molars / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#Conebeam CT (CBCT) was used to measure the palatine between the maxillary first and second molars. The proximal and distal palatal widths of the maxillary first and second molar and the palatal mucosal thickness and bone tissue thickness when microscrew implant anchorage nail were implanted at different angles provided a reference for the clinical selection of microscrew implant placement.@* Methods@#The image data of 90 adult patients were selected as the research object, and the jaw bone was reconstructed by scanning. In maxillary palatine, selection of distances at 12 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, and 18 mm from the palatal apex of maxillary first molar between the maxillary first and second molar were used as measurement, measured the proximal and distal palatal widths of maxillary first and second molar and the palatal mucosal thickness and bone tissue thickness when microscrew implant anchorage nails were implanted at 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, and 90 °. SPSS 26.0 software was used for one-way ANOVA and LSD pair comparison. @*Results@#The larger the angle of the microscrew implant anchorage nail was, the smaller the proximal and distal medial widths between the maxillary first and second molar, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the 90° direction, the proximal and distal medial widths of the microscrew implant anchorage nail were larger in the 60° direction. The greater the angle of implantation, the smaller the mucosal thickness and the greater the bone tissue thickness, and the results showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). Compared with the direction of 30° and 45°, the mucosal thickness at the direction of 60° was smaller, and the bone tissue thickness was larger. The higher the position of the microscrew implant anchorage nail, the greater the width of the proximal and distal medial, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the positions 12 and 14 mm from the palatal tip, the proximal and distal medial widths of the microscrew implant anchorage nail were larger. The higher the implant position was, the greater the mucosal thickness and the smaller the bone tissue thickness. The results showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). Compared with the position of 18 mm from the palatal tip of the maxillary first molar, the mucosal thickness was smaller and the bone tissue thickness was larger.@*Conclusion@#It is most appropriate to implant microscrew implant anchorage nail at least 10 mm in length in the direction of 60° at the palatal apex 16 mm from the maxillary first molar in palatine between the first and second molar.

Investigation on occupational stress, symptoms of depression and anxiety of bus drivers in Urumqi / 中国职业医学

@#Objectives ， ， To analyze occupational stress depressive symptoms anxiety symptoms and related influencing factors Methods among bus drivers in Urumqi. A total of 709 bus drivers in Urumqi were selected as the research subjects using - ， - - judgment sampling method. The Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire Zung 's Self rating Depression Scale and Zung 's Self - （ ） ， rating Anxiety Scale were used to investigate the occupational stress in the effort reward imbalance ERI mode depression and Results ， anxiety symptoms of bus drivers. The detection rates of ERI mode occupational stress symptoms of depression and （ ）， （ ） （ ）， anxiety were 62.2% 441/709 30.2% 214/709 and 18.2% 129/709 respectively. The results of binary logistic regression ， ， analysis showed that education level length of service physical exercise and drinking were independent influencing factors of （ P ） occupational stress in ERI mode all <0.05 . Personal monthly income and physical exercise were the influencing factors （ P ）， （P ） of depression symptoms all <0.05 and physical exercise was the influencing factor of anxiety symptoms <0.05 . Conclusion ， The occupational stress depression and anxiety symptoms of bus drivers in Urumqi are serious. Attention should ， ， ， be paid to people with higher education long working age low personal monthly income no physical exercise habits and drinking behavior to prevent occupational stress and mental health problems.

PLCL1 regulates fibroblast-like synoviocytes inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasomes in rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract Background: Phospholipase C-like 1 (PLCL1), a protein that lacks catalytic activity, has similar structures to the PLC family. The aim of this research was to find the function and underlying mechanisms of PLCL1 in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: In this study, we first analyzed the expression of PLCL1 in the synovial tissue of RA patients and K/BxN mice by immunohistochemical staining. Then silencing or overexpressing PLCL1 in FLS before stimulating by TNF-α. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL8 in FLS and supernatants were detected by Western Blot (WB), Real-Time Quantitative PCR and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. We used INF39 to specifically inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and detected the expression of NLRP3, Cleaved Caspase-1, IL-6 and IL-1β in FLS by WB. Result: When PLCL1 was silenced, the level of IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL8 were down-regulated. When PLCL1 was overexpressed, the level of IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL8 were unregulated. The previous results demonstrated that the mechanism of PLCL1 regulating inflammation in FLS was related to NLRP3 inflammasomes. INF39 could counteract the release of inflammatory cytokines caused by overexpression of PLCL1. Conclusion: Result showed that the function of PLCL1 in RA FLS might be related to the NLRP3 inflammasomes. We finally confirmed our hypothesis with the NLRP3 inhibitor INF39. Our results suggested that PLCL1 might promote the inflammatory response of RA FLS by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasomes.

Illuminating Neural Circuits in Alzheimer’s Disease / 神经科学通报·英文版

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and there is currently no cure. Neural circuit dysfunction is the fundamental mechanism underlying the learning and memory deficits in patients with AD. Therefore, it is important to understand the structural features and mechanisms underlying the deregulated circuits during AD progression, by which new tools for intervention can be developed. Here, we briefly summarize the most recently established cutting-edge experimental approaches and key techniques that enable neural circuit tracing and manipulation of their activity. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches. Finally, we review the applications of these techniques in the discovery of circuit mechanisms underlying β-amyloid and tau pathologies during AD progression, and as well as the strategies for targeted AD treatments.

High-throughput sequencing reveals the molecular mechanisms determining the stay-green characteristic in soybeans

Senescence is an internally systematized degeneration process leading to death in plants. Leaf yellowing, oneof the most prominent features of plant aging may lead to reduced crop yields. The molecular mechanism ofresponses to senescence in soybean leaves is not completely clear. In our research, two soybean varieties wereselected with different stay-green traits: stay-green variety (BN106) and non-stay-green variety (KF14). RNAsamples extracted from the leaves of two varieties were sequenced and compared using high-throughputsequencing. Six key enzyme genes in chlorophyll degradation pathways were studied to analyze the changes intheir expression at seedling, flowering and maturation stage. Meanwhile, the construction of the genetictransformation process had been constructed to identify the function of putative gene by RNA-interference. Atotal of 4329 DEGs were involved in 52 functional groups and 254 KEGG pathways. Twelve genes encodingsenescence-associated and inducible chloroplast stay-green protein showed significant differential expression.MDCase and PAO have a significant expression in BN106 that may be the key factors affecting the maintenance of green characteristics. In addition, the function of GmSGRs has been identified by genetic transformation. The loss of GmSGRs may cause soybean seeds to change from yellow to green. In summary, ourresults revealed fundamental information about the molecular mechanism of aging in soybeans with differentstay-green characteristics. The work of genetic transformation lays a foundation for putative gene functionstudies that could contribute to postpone aging in soybeans

Transcriptome-wide identification and profiling of miRNAs in a stress-tolerant conifer Sabina chinensis

miRNAs are important regulatory components involving in many biological processes, including plantdevelopment, vegetative and reproductive growth, and stress response. However, identification and characterization of miRNAs still remain limited for conifer species. In this study, with deep sequencing, we obtained1,314,450 unique reads with 18–30 nt length from a stress-tolerant conifer, Sabina chinensis. We identified 37conserved and 103 novel miRNAs, their unique characteristics were further analyzed, and 10 randomlyselected were validated by qRT-PCR. Through miRNA target predictions and annotations, we found miRNAmay have several targets as well a target could be regulated by several miRNAs, and a total of 2,397 mRNAswere predicted to be targets of the 140 miRNAs. These targets included not only important transcription factorssuch as auxin response factors, but also indispensable non-transcriptional factor proteins. Pathway-basedanalysis showed that S. chinensis miRNAs are involved in 172 metabolic pathways, of which 3 were discovered in adaptation-related pathways, indicating their possible relevance to the species’ stress-tolerancecharacteristics. This study is expected to lay the foundation for exploring the regulative roles of miRNAs indevelopment, growth, and response to environmental stresses of S. chinensis.

Advanced glycation end products in chronic kidney disease: Pathogenic role and preventive strategy / 解放军医学杂志

Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are stable compounds produced by spontaneous non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins, and have been proven recent years to be associated with a variety of chronic diseases. AGE can exacerbate the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by altering the physiological function of proteins, triggering cellular cascade reaction, leading to the disintegration of the filtration barrier, causing oxidative stress and renal fibrosis. The progression of CKD, in turn, leads to a decline in renal function, followed by further accumulation of AGE due to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, forming a vicious circle. The role of AGE in the occurrence and development of CKD is a hot topic in recent years. Here's a description of AGE biochemical characteristics, related cellular events, role in CKD development, and current research progress on AGE therapy.

Thawing rate predicts acute pulmonary vein isolation after second-generation cryoballoon ablation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether thawing rate could be a novel predictor of acute pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and explore the predictive value of thawing rate as a factor ensuring long-term PVI (vagus reflex). METHODS: A total of 151 patients who underwent cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) were enrolled in this retrospective study between January 2017 and June 2018. The thawing rate was calculated using the thawing phase of the cryoablation curve. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the thawing rate for acute PVI and vagus reflex. RESULTS: ROC curve analyses revealed that the interval thawing rate at 15°C (ITR15) was the most valuable predictor of PVI, with the highest area under curve (AUC) value of the ROC curve. The best cut-off value of ITR15 for PVI was ≤2.14°C/S and its sensitivity and specificity were 88.62% and 67.18%, respectively. In addition, the ITR15 of the successful PVI group after cryoballoon ablation was significantly slower than the failed PVI group. ITR15 was a predictor of vagus reflex and the occurrence of vagus reflex group had a slower ITR15 compared to the non-occurrence group. CONCLUSIONS: Thawing rate was a novel predictor of acute PVI and the ITR15 was the most valuable predictor of acute PVI. In addition, ITR15 was a predictive factor ensuring long-term PVI (vagus reflex). Our study showed that thawing rate may serve in the early identification of useless cryoballoon ablation.

Skp2 inhibitor SKPin C1 decreased viability and proliferation of multiple myeloma cells and induced apoptosis

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of plasma, and exhibits several harmful effects including osteolytic injuries, hypercalcemia, and immune dysfunction. Many patients with MM succumb to the underlying malignancy. An S-phase kinase-related protein 2 (Skp2) inhibitor, designated SKPin C1, has been developed and confirmed to have an inhibitory effect on metastatic melanoma cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of SKPin C1 on MM. Normal B lymphocytes, THP-1 cells, and MM U266 and RPMI 8226 cells were exposed to various dosages of SKPin C1 for 48 h. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT, EdU staining, and cell cycle assays. Western blot assays were performed to assess intracellular protein levels of Skp2, p27, and cleaved caspase-3. The amount of ubiquitin attached to p27 was determined using an immunoprecipitation assay. The viability of U266 and RPMI 8226 cells was significantly inhibited by 10 μM SKPin C1 and the inhibitory effect was enhanced with increasing doses of SKPin C1. In contrast, 50 μM SKPin C1 only marginally decreased viability of normal B lymphocytes in 12 h. Skp2 and p27 expression in U266 and RPMI 8226 cells was higher and lower, respectively, than that in the normal B lymphocytes. Treatment with SKPin C1 or Skp2 knockdown increased p27 protein levels in U266 and RPMI 8226 cells by preventing p27 from being ubiquitinated, which slowed the cell cycle, inhibited cell proliferation, and triggered apoptosis. Therefore, this study suggested SKPin C1 as a potent inhibitor against aberrant proliferation and immortalization of MM.

Logistic regression analysis of clinical and computed tomography features of pulmonary abscesses and risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema by investigating the clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography imaging features of patients with pulmonary abscesses. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the chest computed tomography findings and clinical features of 101 cases of pulmonary abscess, including 25 cases with empyema (the experimental group) and 76 cases with no empyema (the control group). The potential risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema were compared between the groups by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The incidence of pulmonary abscess-related empyema was 24.8% (25/101). Univariate analysis showed that male gender, diabetes, pleuritic symptoms, white blood cells >10×109/L, albumin level <25 g/L, and positive sputum cultures were potential clinical-related risk factors and that an abscess >5 cm in diameter and transpulmonary fissure abscesses were potential computed tomography imaging-related risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that transpulmonary fissure abscesses (odds ratio=9.102, p=0.003), diabetes (odds ratio=9.066, p=0.003), an abscess >5 cm in diameter (odds ratio=8.998, p=0.002), and pleuritic symptoms (odds ratio=5.395, p=0.015) were independent risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema. CONCLUSIONS: Transpulmonary fissure abscesses, diabetes, giant pulmonary abscesses, and pleuritic symptoms increased the risk of empyema among patients with pulmonary abscesses.

High-energy photon depth of interaction calculation based on light-sharing-window method / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To propose a method for high-energy photon 3D decoding of PET detector to decode reactive crystal position and calculate γ ray depth in the scintillating crystal. Methods Light transmitting windows were set between the crystal arrays, visible photon groups were guided to distribute in the photoelectric sensor array during a single event, and sensor signal intensity was regulated to realize position and depth decoding of the high-energy photon.Monte Carlo method was used to compare the designs of different light transmitting windows to determine the effects of the crystal surface treatment mode on the results. Experiments were executed for further verification. Results The experimental results had consistency with simulation ones;the signal received through the reaction crystal was always stronger than that through the adjacent, which could decode the reaction crystals; the relations between the depth of interaction (DOI) and energy differences of the photo sensors were monotonic with the changes of DOI,and thus could be used to calculate the DOI;when using single window,the DOI vs.Diff.Energy curves had two segments which were not desired for DOI measurement;crystals with rough surfaces were more desired since the qualities of their DOI vs.Diff.Energy curves were better;the dual window method had the best DOI vs.Diff.Energy curves in term of linearity.Conclusion The method can realize 3D decoding of the discrete crystal array,which improves the energy resolution of the PET system. [Chinese Medical Equipment Journal, 2018,39(5):22-28,63]

NMR-based metabolomics to select a surgical method for treating papillary thyroid carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate differences in the metabolomic profiles of patients who received different surgeries for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS: Two surgical methods, i.e., unilateral and total thyroidectomy, were employed according to different disease conditions. Sera from patients who were treated with levothyroxine sodium tablets before and after surgery was analyzed with a Bruker 500 Hz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. Data were analyzed via principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) with SIMCA-P+ 11.0 software, and metabolites were obtained and compared. The first and second principal components were selected from PCA, PLS-DA, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There were significant differences in serum metabolomics before and after surgery. Compared with unilateral thyroidectomy, total thyroidectomy reversed some highly increased metabolite levels (e.g., taurine and betaine). More significant variations in abnormal metabolites were noted after total thyroidectomy than after unilateral thyroidectomy (e.g., alanine, choline, hippurate, and formic acid). CONCLUSIONS: The choice of surgical method for PTC patients should be based not only on the tumor condition but also on the potential consequences of metabolic variations. Total thyroidectomy reversed some increased metabolite levels but led to accumulation of some other metabolites due to the loss of thyroid function; thus, metabolic disturbances caused by thyroid hormone deficiency should be prevented in advance.

The maintenance of modified electroconvulsive therapy combined with risperidone is better than risperidone alone in preventing relapse of schizophrenia and improving cognitive function / Manutenção de eletroconvulsoterapia modificada combinada com risperidona é melhor do que a risperidona isoladamente na prevenção de recidivas de esquizofrenia e melhoras da função cognitiva

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effect of maintenance modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) on schizophrenic patients. Methods From June 2012 to June 2014, 62 patients with schizophrenia, who had recovered from a successful course of acute MECT, were recruited. Thirty-one patients received maintenance MECT and risperidone, as the experimental group. Another 31 patients were enrolled in the control group, and received risperidone only. The effects on cognitive functions, clinical symptoms and relapse rate were determined. Results Patients in the experimental group had a lower relapse rate and longer relapse-free survival time than the controls. Relative to the baseline evaluation, patients showed statistically significant improvement in verbal memory and visual memory. At the final assessment, the scores of verbal and visual memory were remarkably lower in the experimental group than the controls but there was no significant difference in other tests. Conclusion Maintenance MECT plus medication is superior to medication alone in preventing relapse and improving cognitive function.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da manutenção de eletroconvulsoterapia modificada (ECTM) em pacientes com esquizofrenia. Métodos Entre junho de 2012 a junho de 2014, 62 pacientes, com esquizofrenia e que apresentaram recuperação bem-sucedida após ECTM aguda, foram recrutados. Um grupo experimental de trinta e um pacientes recebeu ECTM de manutenção e risperidona. Os demais pacientes foram incluídos no grupo controle, recebendo apenas a risperidona. Determinou-se os efeitos sobre as funções cognitivas, os sintomas clínicos e a taxa de recidiva. Resultados Os pacientes do grupo experimental tiveram menor taxa de recidiva e maior tempo de sobrevida livre de recidiva do que os do grupo controle. Em relação à avaliação inicial, os pacientes apresentaram melhora estatisticamente significativa da memória verbal e da memória visual. Na avaliação final, os escores de memória verbal e visual foram extraordinariamente menores no grupo experimental do que no grupo controle, mas não se observou diferenças significativas em outros testes. Conclusão A ECTM de manutenção combinada à medicação é superior ao uso apenas de medicação na prevenção de recidivas e na melhora da função cognitiva.

Optimization of Endoglucanase Production from a Novel Bacterial Isolate, Arthrobacter sp. HPG166 and Characterization of Its Properties

ABSTRACTIn this study, a potential novel cellulolytic bacteriumArthrobacter sp. HPG166 was isolated from the hindgut of root-feeding larvaeHolotrichia parallela. Optimization of fermentation factors for endoglucanase production byArthrobacter sp. HPG166 was carried out via response surface methodology. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1.19% (w/v) and beef extract 0.35% (w/v) were the ideal combination of carbon and nitrogen sources for enzyme production; the optimum temperature and pH for cellulase production were 34°C and pH 8.0 respectively. Under the optimized fermentation conditions, the maximum endoglucanase activity of 1.411 U mL-1 was obtained. The crude endoglucanase was thermotolerant as it retained 50.31% of its activity after incubation at 70°C for an hour. Metal profile of the enzyme indicated that Mg2+ and Na+ were strong stimulators while Mn2+ and Co+ drastically inhibited its activity. Due to its particular characteristics, this enzyme could have potential for industrial applications.

Cultivation of medical English majors' translation competence under the framework of eco-translatology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The accelerating pace of exchanges and cooperation in medical field between China and foreign countries demands a large number of medical papers, medical-related materials to be ac-curately translated into multiple languages , especially between English and Chinese . Oriented at English majors (medicine directed), based on eco-translatory approach and student-centered teaching method by creating simulations of the medical English ecological translation environment, this paper provided a better and effective practice-based teaching idea, which can promote students' medical English translation competence and strategies, even cultural consciousness and pragmatic ability in a comprehensive manner.